The attack against the Artistic Director of the Bolshoi Ballet Sergey Filin is the most resonant recent event which made a splash even among people who are far from the ballet world. The head of the Investigative Department of the Moscow Central District Police Alexander Kuligin talked in an interview to "Izvestiya" about Bolshoi artists' attempts to exert pressure on the investigation and about the perpetrators' motives.
Q. Lately, a verbal duel has unfolded between the police and the Bolshoi Theater. Artists collect signatures to support Dmitrichenko and send collective letters to the police. The police is forced to respond. The Penal Code has an article "Exerting pressure on an investigation." Might there be a review related to this?
A. Whether or not there is pressure on this investigation will be clear from how events develop. All these statements are related to the views of the Bolshoi artists, their emotions which overwhelm them as creative individuals. They appeal not only to the justice system, but also to the President and the government. This is an expression of their emotional perception of the situation with the detention of their leading soloist.
Q. The Bolshoi director Gennadiy (sic!) Iksanov stated many times that behind Dmitrichenko there was some puppet-master who organized everything, whereas Dmitrichenko was only a weapon in his hands. What is the position of the investigators regarding this?
A. We do not have data to support the view that somebody pushed and forced Dmitrichenko to commit a crime. Before we conducted the detention operation, we interrogated the victim himself, and Iksanov, and other Bolshoi employees. And, in principle, we built our hypotheses based on Filin's testimony. During the vetting of these hypotheses we arrived at the one and only version.
Q. One of the detainees---previously convicted Yuri Zarutsky---is now attempting to argue that Dmitrichenko and Lipatov were not informed about his plans, that he never took any money from the Bolshoi soloist, and that he found Filin's address and photo and the acid's recipe online.
A. We have all the data that show how stable were the connections among these three persons involved: how they were arranging this beforehand, what their actions were on the day of the attack. This testimony of Zarutsky is simply his method to escape justice, as a person who is well informed about what "weighs" how much. [Translator's note: under Russian law, a group conspiracy entails a longer prison term than acting single-handedly.] We have a large amount of other evidence. It's going to the location. It's video recordings, both from the location of the incident, and from the place where Filin was watched. The data about how his itinerary from the Bolshoi Theater was being tracked, etc. We knew very clearly before the detention who was doing what and who was where. As to the driver not being informed… They didn't come to Filin's house for the first time. He and Zarutsky had conducted a reconnaissance of the area.
Q. But lawyer Sergey Zhorin states that the leading soloist of the Bolshoi Pavel Dmitrichenko was not aware of the attack that was being prepared, and that Yuri Zarutsky, the actual attacker, was acting on his own.
A. There have been joint interrogations conducted with the three suspects. The contradictions that had existed in their testimonies have been eliminated. For that matter, they do not have to say anything, they have this right according to the law.
Q. Lawyers are appealing Lipatov's arrest. Would the investigators, having collected all the necessary information, agree to release him on bail or put him under house arrest?
A. We are not bloodthirsty people. But in this situation anything is possible. One of them is an ex-convict and has already attempted to escape. The second one does not do anything, does not have a job, and has no ties to any particular place. We are not entirely sure that we are not going to lose him tomorrow, that he is not going to leave. At the moment I do not see any grounds for releasing them. Taking the publicity into account, I cannot rule out the possibility that, once free, they will ride the wave of these emotions and start representing themselves as victims of the repressions of the criminal justice system, and claim that we want to frame them for this crime. Since even now, while they are in jail, there is talk of some "big people" who ordered this crime, can you imagine what public heros and abuse victims they will become if they are freed?
Q. Will there be a joint interrogation of Filin and the suspects?
A. This is planned for after Sergey Filin comes back from abroad. Much will depend on the state of his health. However, even now, we can confidently say that Zarutsky committed the attack, and I think that all the forensics, including comparative ones, will show to us everything that's necessary.
Q. Due to the victim being far away, is it possible to conduct some investigative actions using modern communication technology, such as Skype?
A. Unfortunately, the laws do not keep up with the development of technology. Each statement must be signed, and in addition a place of interrogation must be well-defined. If Sergey Filin is situated in Germany, and our investigator is in Moscow, then we would have to put down a neutral zone as the place of interrogation (laughs).
Q. Pavel Dmitrichenko in his testimony talked about Filin's financial transgressions and even crimes---about bribery at the theater, bribes accompanying role assignment and permissions to guest at other theaters. Will this information be checked separately?
A. Yes, this person was displeased by the policy at the theater. From his point of view, these were violations of law. Yes, this is indeed being used during the investigation and is being defined as motives for committing the crime: being dissatisfied with certain practices instituted by the Artistic Director. However, we cannot speak about crimes here yet. These are unofficial statements that we receive. If the company or someone from the Bolshoi thinks that some employees or managers abuse their position, disrupt financial affairs, they have the right to file a complaint which we will then investigate. It is easy to call Filin a swindler. Anyone can say: "Here he is---a thief, steals company's money." If anyone really thinks that---you are welcome to contact the police, there will be a corresponding investigation. And if it reveals violations, the perpetrators will be brought to justice.
Q. Dmitrichenko mentioned several times in his testimony that Zarutsky offered him to kill, or "do", or "off" Sergey Filin. Could the charge change from "inflicting grievous bodily harm" to "attempted murder"?
A. Him wanting to kill is probably too much. However, he did offer to heavily beat the victim, up to breaking his bones---they were discussing this. They were discussing with each other different possibilities during the preparation of the crime. But they decided what they decided. Thank God that Dmitrichenko is not such a gangster and did not go for such extreme measures as a murder.
Q. Dmitrichenko is stating that he did not know anything about the acid. What is the opinion of the investigators on this point?
A. The testimony tells us that the direction towards harming victim's health was common. Everybody had the same plan. However, the method was selected by the attacker. This method is quicker, taking into account the fact that the place of the attack is the center of Moscow where there are many people. While being beaten, the victim could have called for help. Furthermore, the guard is located near the place of the incident. This is because they have a guarded parking, elite housing. This entailed such a method of inflicting injury.
Q. During the attempt on Filin, Pavel Dmitrichenko was in the car of his friend and Bolshoi colleague, Batyr Annadurdyev. If one is to believe Dmitrichenko's testimony, they were watching Filin, while Annadurdyev was behind the wheel. How do the investigators classify the actions of this soloist (sic) of the theater?
A. At that moment, Dmitrichenko did not have a car. And he used Batyr to drive him around that day. However, here we have a person who really was not informed about Dmitrichenko's criminal intent.
Q. Might there be a cover-up of a crime here?
A. For this, it would be necessary for Dmitrichenko to tell Batyr: "My friends have committed a crime, they attacked Filin, and now we are going to meet with them and give them money." This hypothesis was checked but was not confirmed.
Q. The person behind the wheel of a car hears his passenger describing Filin's movements to somebody over the phone, follows the direction of his passenger to tail a certain car, knowing what car it is. It would be difficult not to put two and two together, having found out half an hour later about the attempt committed on Filin.
A. In this case we cannot charge him with a cover-up. No one openly told Annadurdyev: "I committed a crime." And Annadurdyev wasn't a witness to this crime or its preparation. Dmitrichenko told Batyr a completely different story. To listen to other people's conversations and to analyze them… Now you and I can understand their significance because we know what they were about.
Q. Even before the case was solved, there was a supposition of some role that Nikolay Tsiskaridze played in what happened. After the detention of the suspects, was Tsiskaridze interrogated again? Were there any suspicions regarding him?
A. At this time, we do not have any grounds to suspect anyone else among the Bolshoi employees. If other circumstances are revealed, the guilty ones will be found and brought to justice.
Q. How did Yuri Zarutsky behave after he was detained, was he trying to deny everything?
A. He realized everything immediately. The detention was not a surprise for him. When they make a film about this crime, they will present everything in an embellished manner. On the contrary, our work is painstaking and tedious---reconstruct the crime little by little, find out who was where at that moment, who was doing what. We carefully compiled all the evidence before the detention. That's why everything was going so slowly. We could have grabbed them immediately, they would have spent a couple of nights in jail and then released.
Q. Dmitrichenko spent all day with the investigators, up to the moment of his detention. Was he nervous, did he show in any way that his was worried?
A. He was not expecting that everyone involved in this crime would be detained. He was not expecting to be face to face with Zarutsky and Lipatov. He realized that his whole criminal design was found out.